President Droupadi Murmureflectedon India’s democratic and development journeyon the eve of India’s 77th Republic Day.
Simple PastS + V + Adjunct + AdjunctMain ClauseSimple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
President Droupadi Murmu
The current head of state of India
VerbWhat is happening
reflected
Thought about and expressed views on the past and future
AdjunctAdditional info
on India’s democratic and development journey
About the progress India has made in politics and growth
AdjunctAdditional info
on the eve of India’s 77th Republic Day
The evening before January 26, 2026
Context and Background
President
The President of India delivers an address to the nation every year on the eve of Republic Day. Droupadi Murmu, who assumed office in 2022, is the first tribal woman to hold this position. The address typically reviews the country’s progress and sets a vision for the future.
Sentence 2 of 17
English Original
Her emphasiswasrightlyon the self-reliance of the country in all fields and India’s role as a messenger of peace and stability in a world that is increasingly fractious.
Simple PastS + V + Adjunct + ComplementMain ClauseSimple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
Her emphasis
The main focus or point she stressed in her speech
AdjunctAdditional info
rightly
Correctly or in an appropriate manner
ComplementCompletes meaning
on the self-reliance of the country in all fields and India’s role as a messenger of peace and stability in a world that is increasingly fractious
About India being independent in all areas and promoting peace in a divided world
Context and Background
Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India)
The theme of ‘Self-reliance’ or Atmanirbhar Bharat has been a central policy pillar of the Indian government since 2020. It aims to make India a bigger and more important part of the global economy through increased production and reduced dependency on imports, especially in sectors like defense and technology.
Sentence 3 of 17
English Original
Ms. Murmuhighlightedrecent national achievementsandtouched uponpolitical and cultural themes that are currently the priorities of the Centre.
The successes the country has had in the last few years
VerbWhat is happening
touched upon
Briefly mentioned or discussed
ObjectWhat receives action
political and cultural themes that are currently the priorities of the Centre
Topics about government and culture that are most important to the Central Government right now
Sentence 4 of 17
English Original
Shenotedthat the national song, Vande Mataram, was a “lyrical national prayer” even as the country celebrates the 150th anniversary of its composition,andalsopaid tributeto Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, whose 150th birth anniversary was celebrated recently,for his role in unifying the nation.
that the national song, Vande Mataram, was a “lyrical national prayer” even as the country celebrates the 150th anniversary of its composition
That the song ‘Vande Mataram’ is like a poetic prayer for the country, especially now during its 150th year
VerbWhat is happening
paid tribute
Gave respect and honor to someone from the past
Indirect ObjectTo/For whom
to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, whose 150th birth anniversary was celebrated recently
To the great leader Sardar Patel, following his 150th birthday celebrations
AdjunctAdditional info
for his role in unifying the nation
Because he helped bring all parts of India together as one country
Context and Background
Vande Mataram and Sardar Patel
The song ‘Vande Mataram’ was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in the 1870s and became a rallying cry for freedom. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, known as the ‘Iron Man of India,’ played a legendary role in integrating over 560 princely states into the Indian Union after independence. Both are being celebrated for their 150th anniversaries in the 2025-2026 period.
Sentence 5 of 17
English Original
The commander-in-chiefalsohailedthe success of Operation Sindoor, which involved precision strikes against terror infrastructure,andcrediteditto India’s growing self-reliance in defence.
The President of India, who is the head of the military
VerbWhat is happening
hailed
Praised and celebrated the success of
ObjectWhat receives action
the success of Operation Sindoor, which involved precision strikes against terror infrastructure
The victory of a military mission that used very accurate attacks on terrorist camps
VerbWhat is happening
credited
Give the reason or ‘credit’ for the success
ObjectWhat receives action
it
The success of the operation
AdjunctAdditional info
to India’s growing self-reliance in defence
To the fact that India is now making its own weapons instead of buying them
Context and Background
Operation Sindoor
Operation Sindoor refers to a precision military strike conducted by India in May 2025 against terror infrastructure across the border. It was seen as a significant demonstration of India’s modernized military capabilities and its move toward ‘Atmanirbhar’ (self-reliant) defense production, using indigenous or locally made technology.
Sentence 6 of 17
English Original
The PresidentsaidIndia’s progress towards becoming the third largest global economy was well on track,andcommendedeconomic reforms such as the GST and the new Labour Codes.
India’s progress towards becoming the third largest global economy was well on track
That India is moving correctly towards having the world’s 3rd biggest economy
VerbWhat is happening
commended
Officially praised and supported
ObjectWhat receives action
economic reforms such as the GST and the new Labour Codes
Policies that changed how taxes are paid and how workers are treated
Sentence 7 of 17
English Original
Shenotedthe great strides achieved by the country’s women in fields ranging from agriculture to space, and their critical role as voters.
Simple PastS + V + OMain ClauseSimple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
She
President Droupadi Murmu
VerbWhat is happening
noted
Mentioned or observed as an important point
ObjectWhat receives action
the great strides achieved by the country’s women in fields ranging from agriculture to space, and their critical role as voters
The big progress Indian women have made in all sectors and how important they are in elections
Context and Background
Women in Agriculture and Space
In recent years, India has focused on ‘Nari Shakti’ (Women Power). The President’s mention of agriculture refers to women’s dominant labor role in rural areas, while ‘space’ refers to the significant contributions of women scientists in ISRO missions like Chandrayaan and Gaganyaan.
Sentence 8 of 17
English Original
Farmers, sanitation workers, teachers, scientists, and healthcare professionalsalsofoundspecial mentionin the President’s speech.
Simple PastS + V + O + AdjunctMain ClauseSimple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
Farmers, sanitation workers, teachers, scientists, and healthcare professionals
People from different important jobs who work for the country
AdjunctAdditional info
also
In addition to others
VerbWhat is happening
found
Received or were given
ObjectWhat receives action
special mention
A dedicated part of the speech to praise them
AdjunctAdditional info
in the President’s speech
Within the address given by the President
Sentence 9 of 17
English Original
The Presidentinvokedthe idea of constitutional nationalism.
Simple PastS + V + OMain ClauseSimple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
The President
President Droupadi Murmu
VerbWhat is happening
invoked
Called upon or mentioned a powerful idea to give it weight
ObjectWhat receives action
the idea of constitutional nationalism
The belief that citizens should be united by the values of the Constitution
Sentence 10 of 17
English Original
Republic Day celebrationsarean annual occasion to revisit the ideals of the Constitution and to review its progress in principle and practice.
Simple PresentS + V + CMain ClauseSimple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
Republic Day celebrations
The events that happen every year to celebrate the Indian Constitution
VerbWhat is happening
are
Represent or serve as
ComplementCompletes meaning
an annual occasion to revisit the ideals of the Constitution and to review its progress in principle and practice
A yearly time to look back at our constitutional goals and check if we are actually following them in real life
Sentence 11 of 17
English Original
Cataloguing the achievements of the countryismotivating,butalso essentialon such occasionsisself-reflection.
Simple PresentS + V + C + but + C + Adjunct + V + SMain ClauseCompound Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
Cataloguing the achievements of the country
Listing out all the good things and successes India has achieved
VerbWhat is happening
is
Serves to be
ComplementCompletes meaning
motivating
Giving us the will or desire to do better and be proud
ComplementCompletes meaning
also essential
Equally very important and necessary
AdjunctAdditional info
on such occasions
On special days like Republic Day
SubjectWho/What
self-reflection
Thinking deeply about our own faults and what we need to improve
Sentence 12 of 17
English Original
Economic growth or military prowessare notthe sole markers of progress for any nation.
Simple PresentS + V + CMain ClauseSimple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
Economic growth or military prowess
Increasing wealth or having a very strong army
VerbWhat is happening
are not
Do not represent
ComplementCompletes meaning
the solemarkers of progress for any nation
The only things that show a country is actually improving
Sentence 13 of 17
English Original
Singing paeans to the Constitutionisone thing,butdelivering on its principles by protecting the rights of citizens and discharging the duties of the stateisquite another.
Simple PresentS + V + C + but + S + V + CMain ClauseCompound Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
Singing paeans to the Constitution
Only praising or speaking highly of the Constitution without doing anything else
VerbWhat is happening
is
Represents
ComplementCompletes meaning
one thing
One easy part of the job
SubjectWho/What
delivering on its principles by protecting the rights of citizens and discharging the duties of the state
Actually doing what the laws say by keeping people safe and fulfilling government responsibilities
VerbWhat is happening
is
Is
ComplementCompletes meaning
quite another
A completely different and more difficult task
Sentence 14 of 17
English Original
The state in its self-congratulatory posture, as reflected in the President’s speech,must not ignorethe many struggles of the citizenry that persist even in the eighth decade of the Republic.
Present Tense (Modal)S + V + OMain ClauseComplex Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
The state in its self-congratulatoryposture, as reflected in the President’s speech
The government, which is currently busy praising itself as seen in the speech
VerbWhat is happening
must not ignore
Should not overlook or forget about
ObjectWhat receives action
the many struggles of the citizenry that persist even in the eighth decade of the Republic
The various problems ordinary people still face even after 76 years of being a Republic
Sentence 15 of 17
English Original
Civilisational pridecannot bea ruse to overshadow the material questions of the present.
Present Tense (Modal)S + V + CMain ClauseSimple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
Civilisational pride
Being proud of our ancient history and cultural heritage
VerbWhat is happening
cannot be
Must not be used as
ComplementCompletes meaning
a ruse to overshadow the material questions of the present
A trick to hide or ignore the real problems like jobs and food that people face today
Sentence 16 of 17
English Original
Republic Daycelebratesthe ideals of the Constitution.
Simple PresentS + V + OMain ClauseSimple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
Republic Day
The day India became a Republic (January 26)
VerbWhat is happening
celebrates
Honors and marks the importance of
ObjectWhat receives action
the ideals of the Constitution
The core values like justice, liberty, and equality written in our law book
Sentence 17 of 17
English Original
Sectarian politics, the weakening of the federal character of the Republic, and corruptionshould not be allowedto undermine those ideals.
Present Tense (Modal Passive)S + V + CMain ClauseSimple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
SubjectWho/What
Sectarian politics, the weakening of the federal character of the Republic, and corruption
Religious division in politics, the loss of power for state governments, and dishonest leaders
VerbWhat is happening
should not be allowed
Must be stopped from happening
ComplementCompletes meaning
to undermine those ideals
To slowly destroy the beautiful goals of our Constitution
Sentence 1 of 17
Sentence 1 of 17
President Droupadi Murmureflectedon India’s democratic and development journeyon the eve of India’s 77th Republic Day.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
President Droupadi Murmu
The current head of state of India
Verb
reflected
Thought about and expressed views on the past and future
Adjunct
on India’s democratic and development journey
About the progress India has made in politics and growth
Adjunct
on the eve of India’s 77th Republic Day
The evening before January 26, 2026
Sentence 2 of 17
Her emphasiswasrightlyon the self-reliance of the country in all fields and India’s role as a messenger of peace and stability in a world that is increasingly fractious.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Her emphasis
The main focus or point she stressed in her speech
Adjunct
rightly
Correctly or in an appropriate manner
Complement
on the self-reliance of the country in all fields and India’s role as a messenger of peace and stability in a world that is increasingly fractious
About India being independent in all areas and promoting peace in a divided world
Sentence 3 of 17
Ms. Murmuhighlightedrecent national achievementsandtouched uponpolitical and cultural themes that are currently the priorities of the Centre.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Ms. Murmu
President Droupadi Murmu
Verb
highlighted
Brought attention to or gave importance to
Object
recent national achievements
The successes the country has had in the last few years
Verb
touched upon
Briefly mentioned or discussed
Object
political and cultural themes that are currently the priorities of the Centre
Topics about government and culture that are most important to the Central Government right now
Sentence 4 of 17
Shenotedthat the national song, Vande Mataram, was a “lyrical national prayer” even as the country celebrates the 150th anniversary of its composition,andalsopaid tributeto Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, whose 150th birth anniversary was celebrated recently,for his role in unifying the nation.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
She
President Murmu
Verb
noted
Pointed out or stated in her speech
Object
that the national song, Vande Mataram, was a “lyrical national prayer” even as the country celebrates the 150th anniversary of its composition
That the song ‘Vande Mataram’ is like a poetic prayer for the country, especially now during its 150th year
Verb
paid tribute
Gave respect and honor to someone from the past
Indirect Object
to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, whose 150th birth anniversary was celebrated recently
To the great leader Sardar Patel, following his 150th birthday celebrations
Adjunct
for his role in unifying the nation
Because he helped bring all parts of India together as one country
Sentence 5 of 17
The commander-in-chiefalsohailedthe success of Operation Sindoor, which involved precision strikes against terror infrastructure,andcrediteditto India’s growing self-reliance in defence.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
The commander-in-chief
The President of India, who is the head of the military
Verb
hailed
Praised and celebrated the success of
Object
the success of Operation Sindoor, which involved precision strikes against terror infrastructure
The victory of a military mission that used very accurate attacks on terrorist camps
Verb
credited
Give the reason or ‘credit’ for the success
Object
it
The success of the operation
Adjunct
to India’s growing self-reliance in defence
To the fact that India is now making its own weapons instead of buying them
Sentence 6 of 17
The PresidentsaidIndia’s progress towards becoming the third largest global economy was well on track,andcommendedeconomic reforms such as the GST and the new Labour Codes.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
The President
President Droupadi Murmu
Verb
said
Spoke or informed the public
Object
India’s progress towards becoming the third largest global economy was well on track
That India is moving correctly towards having the world’s 3rd biggest economy
Verb
commended
Officially praised and supported
Object
economic reforms such as the GST and the new Labour Codes
Policies that changed how taxes are paid and how workers are treated
Sentence 7 of 17
Shenotedthe great strides achieved by the country’s women in fields ranging from agriculture to space, and their critical role as voters.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
She
President Droupadi Murmu
Verb
noted
Mentioned or observed as an important point
Object
the great strides achieved by the country’s women in fields ranging from agriculture to space, and their critical role as voters
The big progress Indian women have made in all sectors and how important they are in elections
Sentence 8 of 17
Farmers, sanitation workers, teachers, scientists, and healthcare professionalsalsofoundspecial mentionin the President’s speech.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Farmers, sanitation workers, teachers, scientists, and healthcare professionals
People from different important jobs who work for the country
Adjunct
also
In addition to others
Verb
found
Received or were given
Object
special mention
A dedicated part of the speech to praise them
Adjunct
in the President’s speech
Within the address given by the President
Sentence 9 of 17
The Presidentinvokedthe idea of constitutional nationalism.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
The President
President Droupadi Murmu
Verb
invoked
Called upon or mentioned a powerful idea to give it weight
Object
the idea of constitutional nationalism
The belief that citizens should be united by the values of the Constitution
Sentence 10 of 17
Republic Day celebrationsarean annual occasion to revisit the ideals of the Constitution and to review its progress in principle and practice.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Republic Day celebrations
The events that happen every year to celebrate the Indian Constitution
Verb
are
Represent or serve as
Complement
an annual occasion to revisit the ideals of the Constitution and to review its progress in principle and practice
A yearly time to look back at our constitutional goals and check if we are actually following them in real life
Sentence 11 of 17
Cataloguing the achievements of the countryismotivating,butalso essentialon such occasionsisself-reflection.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Cataloguing the achievements of the country
Listing out all the good things and successes India has achieved
Verb
is
Serves to be
Complement
motivating
Giving us the will or desire to do better and be proud
Complement
also essential
Equally very important and necessary
Adjunct
on such occasions
On special days like Republic Day
Subject
self-reflection
Thinking deeply about our own faults and what we need to improve
Sentence 12 of 17
Economic growth or military prowessare notthe sole markers of progress for any nation.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Economic growth or military prowess
Increasing wealth or having a very strong army
Verb
are not
Do not represent
Complement
the sole markers of progress for any nation
The only things that show a country is actually improving
Sentence 13 of 17
Singing paeans to the Constitutionisone thing,butdelivering on its principles by protecting the rights of citizens and discharging the duties of the stateisquite another.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Singing paeans to the Constitution
Only praising or speaking highly of the Constitution without doing anything else
Verb
is
Represents
Complement
one thing
One easy part of the job
Subject
delivering on its principles by protecting the rights of citizens and discharging the duties of the state
Actually doing what the laws say by keeping people safe and fulfilling government responsibilities
Verb
is
Is
Complement
quite another
A completely different and more difficult task
Sentence 14 of 17
The state in its self-congratulatory posture, as reflected in the President’s speech,must not ignorethe many struggles of the citizenry that persist even in the eighth decade of the Republic.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
The state in its self-congratulatory posture, as reflected in the President’s speech
The government, which is currently busy praising itself as seen in the speech
Verb
must not ignore
Should not overlook or forget about
Object
the many struggles of the citizenry that persist even in the eighth decade of the Republic
The various problems ordinary people still face even after 76 years of being a Republic
Sentence 15 of 17
Civilisational pridecannot bea ruse to overshadow the material questions of the present.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Civilisational pride
Being proud of our ancient history and cultural heritage
Verb
cannot be
Must not be used as
Complement
a ruse to overshadow the material questions of the present
A trick to hide or ignore the real problems like jobs and food that people face today
Sentence 16 of 17
Republic Daycelebratesthe ideals of the Constitution.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Republic Day
The day India became a Republic (January 26)
Verb
celebrates
Honors and marks the importance of
Object
the ideals of the Constitution
The core values like justice, liberty, and equality written in our law book
Sentence 17 of 17
Sectarian politics, the weakening of the federal character of the Republic, and corruptionshould not be allowedto undermine those ideals.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Sectarian politics, the weakening of the federal character of the Republic, and corruption
Religious division in politics, the loss of power for state governments, and dishonest leaders
Verb
should not be allowed
Must be stopped from happening
Complement
to undermine those ideals
To slowly destroy the beautiful goals of our Constitution
Reading Comprehension
Practice questions based on this editorial
Reading Comprehension - 77th Republic Day
Practice reading comprehension questions based on the editorial about President Droupadi Murmu's speech on India's 77th Republic Day.
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