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The Hindu Editorial • January 27, 2026 • Read Original

March of the Republic: On India’s 77th Republic Day and the President’s speech

While celebrating achievements, the government must not ignore challenges

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The Hindu Read Original
8 min read

Analysis of editorial from The Hindu newspaper on January 27, 2026

March of the Republic: On India’s 77th Republic Day and the President’s speech

While celebrating achievements, the government must not ignore challenges

Republic DayPresident Droupadi MurmuConstitutional NationalismOperation SindoorIndian Economy
Sentences
Sentence 1 of 17
English Original

President Droupadi Murmu reflected on India’s democratic and development journey on the eve of India’s 77th Republic Day.

Simple Past S + V + Adjunct + Adjunct Main Clause Simple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
President Droupadi Murmu
The current head of state of India
Verb What is happening
reflected
Thought about and expressed views on the past and future
Adjunct Additional info
on India’s democratic and development journey
About the progress India has made in politics and growth
Adjunct Additional info
on the eve of India’s 77th Republic Day
The evening before January 26, 2026
Context and Background
President

The President of India delivers an address to the nation every year on the eve of Republic Day. Droupadi Murmu, who assumed office in 2022, is the first tribal woman to hold this position. The address typically reviews the country’s progress and sets a vision for the future.

Sentence 2 of 17
English Original

Her emphasis was rightly on the self-reliance of the country in all fields and India’s role as a messenger of peace and stability in a world that is increasingly fractious.

Simple Past S + V + Adjunct + Complement Main Clause Simple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
Her emphasis
The main focus or point she stressed in her speech
Adjunct Additional info
rightly
Correctly or in an appropriate manner
Complement Completes meaning
on the self-reliance of the country in all fields and India’s role as a messenger of peace and stability in a world that is increasingly fractious
About India being independent in all areas and promoting peace in a divided world
Context and Background
Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India)

The theme of ‘Self-reliance’ or Atmanirbhar Bharat has been a central policy pillar of the Indian government since 2020. It aims to make India a bigger and more important part of the global economy through increased production and reduced dependency on imports, especially in sectors like defense and technology.

Sentence 3 of 17
English Original

Ms. Murmu highlighted recent national achievements and touched upon political and cultural themes that are currently the priorities of the Centre.

Simple Past S + V1 + O1 + V2 + O2 Main Clause Simple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
Ms. Murmu
President Droupadi Murmu
Verb What is happening
highlighted
Brought attention to or gave importance to
Object What receives action
recent national achievements
The successes the country has had in the last few years
Verb What is happening
touched upon
Briefly mentioned or discussed
Object What receives action
political and cultural themes that are currently the priorities of the Centre
Topics about government and culture that are most important to the Central Government right now
Sentence 4 of 17
English Original

She noted that the national song, Vande Mataram, was a “lyrical national prayer” even as the country celebrates the 150th anniversary of its composition, and also paid tribute to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, whose 150th birth anniversary was celebrated recently, for his role in unifying the nation.

Simple Past S + V1 + O1 + V2 + IO + Adjunct Main Clause Complex Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
She
President Murmu
Verb What is happening
noted
Pointed out or stated in her speech
Object What receives action
that the national song, Vande Mataram, was a “lyrical national prayer” even as the country celebrates the 150th anniversary of its composition
That the song ‘Vande Mataram’ is like a poetic prayer for the country, especially now during its 150th year
Verb What is happening
paid tribute
Gave respect and honor to someone from the past
Indirect Object To/For whom
to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, whose 150th birth anniversary was celebrated recently
To the great leader Sardar Patel, following his 150th birthday celebrations
Adjunct Additional info
for his role in unifying the nation
Because he helped bring all parts of India together as one country
Context and Background
Vande Mataram and Sardar Patel

The song ‘Vande Mataram’ was written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee in the 1870s and became a rallying cry for freedom. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, known as the ‘Iron Man of India,’ played a legendary role in integrating over 560 princely states into the Indian Union after independence. Both are being celebrated for their 150th anniversaries in the 2025-2026 period.

Sentence 5 of 17
English Original

The commander-in-chief also hailed the success of Operation Sindoor, which involved precision strikes against terror infrastructure, and credited it to India’s growing self-reliance in defence.

Simple Past S + V1 + O1 + V2 + O2 + Adjunct Main Clause Complex Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
The commander-in-chief
The President of India, who is the head of the military
Verb What is happening
hailed
Praised and celebrated the success of
Object What receives action
the success of Operation Sindoor, which involved precision strikes against terror infrastructure
The victory of a military mission that used very accurate attacks on terrorist camps
Verb What is happening
credited
Give the reason or ‘credit’ for the success
Object What receives action
it
The success of the operation
Adjunct Additional info
to India’s growing self-reliance in defence
To the fact that India is now making its own weapons instead of buying them
Context and Background
Operation Sindoor

Operation Sindoor refers to a precision military strike conducted by India in May 2025 against terror infrastructure across the border. It was seen as a significant demonstration of India’s modernized military capabilities and its move toward ‘Atmanirbhar’ (self-reliant) defense production, using indigenous or locally made technology.

Sentence 6 of 17
English Original

The President said India’s progress towards becoming the third largest global economy was well on track, and commended economic reforms such as the GST and the new Labour Codes.

Simple Past S + V1 + O1 + V2 + O2 Main Clause Complex Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
The President
President Droupadi Murmu
Verb What is happening
said
Spoke or informed the public
Object What receives action
India’s progress towards becoming the third largest global economy was well on track
That India is moving correctly towards having the world’s 3rd biggest economy
Verb What is happening
commended
Officially praised and supported
Object What receives action
economic reforms such as the GST and the new Labour Codes
Policies that changed how taxes are paid and how workers are treated
Sentence 7 of 17
English Original

She noted the great strides achieved by the country’s women in fields ranging from agriculture to space, and their critical role as voters.

Simple Past S + V + O Main Clause Simple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
She
President Droupadi Murmu
Verb What is happening
noted
Mentioned or observed as an important point
Object What receives action
the great strides achieved by the country’s women in fields ranging from agriculture to space, and their critical role as voters
The big progress Indian women have made in all sectors and how important they are in elections
Context and Background
Women in Agriculture and Space

In recent years, India has focused on ‘Nari Shakti’ (Women Power). The President’s mention of agriculture refers to women’s dominant labor role in rural areas, while ‘space’ refers to the significant contributions of women scientists in ISRO missions like Chandrayaan and Gaganyaan.

Sentence 8 of 17
English Original

Farmers, sanitation workers, teachers, scientists, and healthcare professionals also found special mention in the President’s speech.

Simple Past S + V + O + Adjunct Main Clause Simple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
Farmers, sanitation workers, teachers, scientists, and healthcare professionals
People from different important jobs who work for the country
Adjunct Additional info
also
In addition to others
Verb What is happening
found
Received or were given
Object What receives action
special mention
A dedicated part of the speech to praise them
Adjunct Additional info
in the President’s speech
Within the address given by the President
Sentence 9 of 17
English Original

The President invoked the idea of constitutional nationalism.

Simple Past S + V + O Main Clause Simple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
The President
President Droupadi Murmu
Verb What is happening
invoked
Called upon or mentioned a powerful idea to give it weight
Object What receives action
the idea of constitutional nationalism
The belief that citizens should be united by the values of the Constitution
Sentence 10 of 17
English Original

Republic Day celebrations are an annual occasion to revisit the ideals of the Constitution and to review its progress in principle and practice.

Simple Present S + V + C Main Clause Simple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
Republic Day celebrations
The events that happen every year to celebrate the Indian Constitution
Verb What is happening
are
Represent or serve as
Complement Completes meaning
an annual occasion to revisit the ideals of the Constitution and to review its progress in principle and practice
A yearly time to look back at our constitutional goals and check if we are actually following them in real life
Sentence 11 of 17
English Original

Cataloguing the achievements of the country is motivating, but also essential on such occasions is self-reflection.

Simple Present S + V + C + but + C + Adjunct + V + S Main Clause Compound Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
Cataloguing the achievements of the country
Listing out all the good things and successes India has achieved
Verb What is happening
is
Serves to be
Complement Completes meaning
motivating
Giving us the will or desire to do better and be proud
Complement Completes meaning
also essential
Equally very important and necessary
Adjunct Additional info
on such occasions
On special days like Republic Day
Subject Who/What
self-reflection
Thinking deeply about our own faults and what we need to improve
Sentence 12 of 17
English Original

Economic growth or military prowess are not the sole markers of progress for any nation.

Simple Present S + V + C Main Clause Simple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
Economic growth or military prowess
Increasing wealth or having a very strong army
Verb What is happening
are not
Do not represent
Complement Completes meaning
the sole markers of progress for any nation
The only things that show a country is actually improving
Sentence 13 of 17
English Original

Singing paeans to the Constitution is one thing, but delivering on its principles by protecting the rights of citizens and discharging the duties of the state is quite another.

Simple Present S + V + C + but + S + V + C Main Clause Compound Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
Singing paeans to the Constitution
Only praising or speaking highly of the Constitution without doing anything else
Verb What is happening
is
Represents
Complement Completes meaning
one thing
One easy part of the job
Subject Who/What
delivering on its principles by protecting the rights of citizens and discharging the duties of the state
Actually doing what the laws say by keeping people safe and fulfilling government responsibilities
Verb What is happening
is
Is
Complement Completes meaning
quite another
A completely different and more difficult task
Sentence 14 of 17
English Original

The state in its self-congratulatory posture, as reflected in the President’s speech, must not ignore the many struggles of the citizenry that persist even in the eighth decade of the Republic.

Present Tense (Modal) S + V + O Main Clause Complex Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
The state in its self-congratulatory posture, as reflected in the President’s speech
The government, which is currently busy praising itself as seen in the speech
Verb What is happening
must not ignore
Should not overlook or forget about
Object What receives action
the many struggles of the citizenry that persist even in the eighth decade of the Republic
The various problems ordinary people still face even after 76 years of being a Republic
Sentence 15 of 17
English Original

Civilisational pride cannot be a ruse to overshadow the material questions of the present.

Present Tense (Modal) S + V + C Main Clause Simple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
Civilisational pride
Being proud of our ancient history and cultural heritage
Verb What is happening
cannot be
Must not be used as
Complement Completes meaning
a ruse to overshadow the material questions of the present
A trick to hide or ignore the real problems like jobs and food that people face today
Sentence 16 of 17
English Original

Republic Day celebrates the ideals of the Constitution.

Simple Present S + V + O Main Clause Simple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
Republic Day
The day India became a Republic (January 26)
Verb What is happening
celebrates
Honors and marks the importance of
Object What receives action
the ideals of the Constitution
The core values like justice, liberty, and equality written in our law book
Sentence 17 of 17
English Original

Sectarian politics, the weakening of the federal character of the Republic, and corruption should not be allowed to undermine those ideals.

Present Tense (Modal Passive) S + V + C Main Clause Simple Sentence
Phrase Breakdown
Subject Who/What
Sectarian politics, the weakening of the federal character of the Republic, and corruption
Religious division in politics, the loss of power for state governments, and dishonest leaders
Verb What is happening
should not be allowed
Must be stopped from happening
Complement Completes meaning
to undermine those ideals
To slowly destroy the beautiful goals of our Constitution
Sentence 1 of 17
Sentence 1 of 17
President Droupadi Murmu reflected on India’s democratic and development journey on the eve of India’s 77th Republic Day.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
President Droupadi Murmu
The current head of state of India
Verb
reflected
Thought about and expressed views on the past and future
Adjunct
on India’s democratic and development journey
About the progress India has made in politics and growth
Adjunct
on the eve of India’s 77th Republic Day
The evening before January 26, 2026
Sentence 2 of 17
Her emphasis was rightly on the self-reliance of the country in all fields and India’s role as a messenger of peace and stability in a world that is increasingly fractious.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Her emphasis
The main focus or point she stressed in her speech
Adjunct
rightly
Correctly or in an appropriate manner
Complement
on the self-reliance of the country in all fields and India’s role as a messenger of peace and stability in a world that is increasingly fractious
About India being independent in all areas and promoting peace in a divided world
Sentence 3 of 17
Ms. Murmu highlighted recent national achievements and touched upon political and cultural themes that are currently the priorities of the Centre.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Ms. Murmu
President Droupadi Murmu
Verb
highlighted
Brought attention to or gave importance to
Object
recent national achievements
The successes the country has had in the last few years
Verb
touched upon
Briefly mentioned or discussed
Object
political and cultural themes that are currently the priorities of the Centre
Topics about government and culture that are most important to the Central Government right now
Sentence 4 of 17
She noted that the national song, Vande Mataram, was a “lyrical national prayer” even as the country celebrates the 150th anniversary of its composition, and also paid tribute to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, whose 150th birth anniversary was celebrated recently, for his role in unifying the nation.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
She
President Murmu
Verb
noted
Pointed out or stated in her speech
Object
that the national song, Vande Mataram, was a “lyrical national prayer” even as the country celebrates the 150th anniversary of its composition
That the song ‘Vande Mataram’ is like a poetic prayer for the country, especially now during its 150th year
Verb
paid tribute
Gave respect and honor to someone from the past
Indirect Object
to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, whose 150th birth anniversary was celebrated recently
To the great leader Sardar Patel, following his 150th birthday celebrations
Adjunct
for his role in unifying the nation
Because he helped bring all parts of India together as one country
Sentence 5 of 17
The commander-in-chief also hailed the success of Operation Sindoor, which involved precision strikes against terror infrastructure, and credited it to India’s growing self-reliance in defence.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
The commander-in-chief
The President of India, who is the head of the military
Verb
hailed
Praised and celebrated the success of
Object
the success of Operation Sindoor, which involved precision strikes against terror infrastructure
The victory of a military mission that used very accurate attacks on terrorist camps
Verb
credited
Give the reason or ‘credit’ for the success
Object
it
The success of the operation
Adjunct
to India’s growing self-reliance in defence
To the fact that India is now making its own weapons instead of buying them
Sentence 6 of 17
The President said India’s progress towards becoming the third largest global economy was well on track, and commended economic reforms such as the GST and the new Labour Codes.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
The President
President Droupadi Murmu
Verb
said
Spoke or informed the public
Object
India’s progress towards becoming the third largest global economy was well on track
That India is moving correctly towards having the world’s 3rd biggest economy
Verb
commended
Officially praised and supported
Object
economic reforms such as the GST and the new Labour Codes
Policies that changed how taxes are paid and how workers are treated
Sentence 7 of 17
She noted the great strides achieved by the country’s women in fields ranging from agriculture to space, and their critical role as voters.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
She
President Droupadi Murmu
Verb
noted
Mentioned or observed as an important point
Object
the great strides achieved by the country’s women in fields ranging from agriculture to space, and their critical role as voters
The big progress Indian women have made in all sectors and how important they are in elections
Sentence 8 of 17
Farmers, sanitation workers, teachers, scientists, and healthcare professionals also found special mention in the President’s speech.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Farmers, sanitation workers, teachers, scientists, and healthcare professionals
People from different important jobs who work for the country
Adjunct
also
In addition to others
Verb
found
Received or were given
Object
special mention
A dedicated part of the speech to praise them
Adjunct
in the President’s speech
Within the address given by the President
Sentence 9 of 17
The President invoked the idea of constitutional nationalism.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
The President
President Droupadi Murmu
Verb
invoked
Called upon or mentioned a powerful idea to give it weight
Object
the idea of constitutional nationalism
The belief that citizens should be united by the values of the Constitution
Sentence 10 of 17
Republic Day celebrations are an annual occasion to revisit the ideals of the Constitution and to review its progress in principle and practice.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Republic Day celebrations
The events that happen every year to celebrate the Indian Constitution
Verb
are
Represent or serve as
Complement
an annual occasion to revisit the ideals of the Constitution and to review its progress in principle and practice
A yearly time to look back at our constitutional goals and check if we are actually following them in real life
Sentence 11 of 17
Cataloguing the achievements of the country is motivating, but also essential on such occasions is self-reflection.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Cataloguing the achievements of the country
Listing out all the good things and successes India has achieved
Verb
is
Serves to be
Complement
motivating
Giving us the will or desire to do better and be proud
Complement
also essential
Equally very important and necessary
Adjunct
on such occasions
On special days like Republic Day
Subject
self-reflection
Thinking deeply about our own faults and what we need to improve
Sentence 12 of 17
Economic growth or military prowess are not the sole markers of progress for any nation.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Economic growth or military prowess
Increasing wealth or having a very strong army
Verb
are not
Do not represent
Complement
the sole markers of progress for any nation
The only things that show a country is actually improving
Sentence 13 of 17
Singing paeans to the Constitution is one thing, but delivering on its principles by protecting the rights of citizens and discharging the duties of the state is quite another.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Singing paeans to the Constitution
Only praising or speaking highly of the Constitution without doing anything else
Verb
is
Represents
Complement
one thing
One easy part of the job
Subject
delivering on its principles by protecting the rights of citizens and discharging the duties of the state
Actually doing what the laws say by keeping people safe and fulfilling government responsibilities
Verb
is
Is
Complement
quite another
A completely different and more difficult task
Sentence 14 of 17
The state in its self-congratulatory posture, as reflected in the President’s speech, must not ignore the many struggles of the citizenry that persist even in the eighth decade of the Republic.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
The state in its self-congratulatory posture, as reflected in the President’s speech
The government, which is currently busy praising itself as seen in the speech
Verb
must not ignore
Should not overlook or forget about
Object
the many struggles of the citizenry that persist even in the eighth decade of the Republic
The various problems ordinary people still face even after 76 years of being a Republic
Sentence 15 of 17
Civilisational pride cannot be a ruse to overshadow the material questions of the present.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Civilisational pride
Being proud of our ancient history and cultural heritage
Verb
cannot be
Must not be used as
Complement
a ruse to overshadow the material questions of the present
A trick to hide or ignore the real problems like jobs and food that people face today
Sentence 16 of 17
Republic Day celebrates the ideals of the Constitution.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Republic Day
The day India became a Republic (January 26)
Verb
celebrates
Honors and marks the importance of
Object
the ideals of the Constitution
The core values like justice, liberty, and equality written in our law book
Sentence 17 of 17
Sectarian politics, the weakening of the federal character of the Republic, and corruption should not be allowed to undermine those ideals.
Phrase Breakdown
Subject
Sectarian politics, the weakening of the federal character of the Republic, and corruption
Religious division in politics, the loss of power for state governments, and dishonest leaders
Verb
should not be allowed
Must be stopped from happening
Complement
to undermine those ideals
To slowly destroy the beautiful goals of our Constitution

Reading Comprehension

Practice questions based on this editorial

Reading Comprehension - 77th Republic Day

Practice reading comprehension questions based on the editorial about President Droupadi Murmu's speech on India's 77th Republic Day.

5 Questions Passing: 70%

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